13. “cultivated” vs. “cultured” “培育”和“培养”的英文翻译

对细胞、微生物、细菌进行培养，“培养”应译成“culture”

例1：外科病房送检的标本进行细菌培养

☓ Specimens collected from surgical wards were cultivated

✓ Specimens collected from surgical wards were cultured

培养人的能力、习惯、兴趣、才能等，“培养”应译成“cultivate”或是“foster”

例1：培养学生各种能力 例2： 培养学生的科研思维及创新能力

to cultivate the abilities of students to foster scientific thinking and creativity in students

“cultivate”还包括“培育”的意思

例3：培育恶性疟原虫青蒿素抗性虫株

To cultivate artemisinin-resistant Plasmodium falciparum strains

可是，培养人、学生等，“培养”不是“cultivate”，它应译成“foster”

例1：实用型卫生人才培养……

to foster practically-minded medical personnel

14. under the condition of ~ “在……条件下”

上述的英文是错误的，正确表述应该是“under conditions of”或是“at (条件，环境等)”。

如果实验有几个条件，用“under conditions of”的说法合适。

例1：在一定的温度和pH条件下，miR-26a在体外显著抑制了细胞增殖

☓ Under the condition of a fixed temperature and pH, miR-26a markedly inhibited cell growth in vitro

✓ Under conditions of a fixed temperature and pH, miR-26a markedly inhibited cell growth in vitro

例2： 大肠杆菌株在55 ℃、6%NaCl和pH5.0应激条件下的生存能力较野生株弱

✓ E. coli strains had significantly less ability to survive compared to wild-type strains under stress conditions of 55ºC, 6% NaCl, and pH 5.0

如果实验只有一条条件还是环境，“at (那条条件还是环境等)”的说法合适。

例1：幼虫在47 ºC 5% CO2条件下培养

Larvae were incubated at 47°C in 5% CO2 for 36 h

例2：（分离株）酵母提取物+45 ℃ 10 d条件下培养

Isolates were cultured at 45°C for 10 d with yeast extract

15. 注意用“could”和 “were able”

因为这个生词表示“将来可能（但是现在不是）”

例1：构建表达性质粒 （如果研究者构建了表达性质粒）

☓ We could construct a plasmid

✓ We constructed a plasmid

第九部分